Origins and Development of Nam-Powers-Boyd Measures
Boyd, Monica. 2008. A Socioeconomic Scale for Canada; Measuring Occupational Status from the Census. Canadian Review of Sociology, 45(1): 51-91.
Nam, Charles B., and Mary G. Powers. 1968. Changes in the Relative Status of Workers in the United States, 1950-1960. Social Forces, 47:158-170.
Nam, Charles B., John LaRoque, Mary G. Powers, and Joan Holmberg. 1975. Occupational Status Scores: Stability and Change. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section, 570-575.
Nam, Charles B., and E. Walter Terrie. 1982. Measurement of Socioeconomic Status from United States Census Data. Pp. 29-42 in Mary G. Powers, ed. Measures of Socioeconomic Status: Current Issues, Boulder: Westview Press.
Nam, Charles B., and Mary G. Powers. 1983. The Socioeconomic Approach to Status Measurement. Houston: Cap and Gown Press.
Nam, Charles B., and E. Walter Terrie. 1988. 1980-Based Nam-Powers Occupational Status Scores. Florida State University, Center for the Study of Population. Working Paper Series, WPS 88-48.
Nam, Charles B. 2000. Comparison of Three Occupational Scales. Florida State University, Center for the Study of Population. Working Paper Series, WPS 00-145.
Nam, Charles B., and Monica Boyd. 2004. Occupational status in 2000; Over a century of census-based measurement. Population Research and Policy Review, 23: 327-358.
Powers, Mary G. , ed. 1982. Measures of Socioeconomic Status: Current Issues. Boulder: Westview Press.
Terrie, E. Walter, and Charles B. Nam. 1994. 1990 and 1980 Nam-Powers-Terrie Occupational Status Scores. Florida State University, Center for the Study of Population. Working Paper Series, WPS 94-118.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1963. Methodology and Scores of Socioeconomic Status. Working Paper No. 15. Washington, D.C.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1967. U.S. Census of Population: 1960, Subject Reports, Socioeconomic Status. Final Report PC(2)-5C. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.
Demography and Social Science Research
Banerjee, R. and Phan, M.B., 2015. Do tied movers get tied down? The occupational displacement of dependent applicant immigrants in Canada. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 16(2), pp.333-353.
Banerjee, R., Kelly, P., Tungohan, E., Cleto, P., De Leon, C., Garcia, M., Luciano, M., Palmaria, C. and Sorio, C., 2018. From “migrant” to “citizen”: Labor market integration of former live-in caregivers in Canada. ILR Review, 71(4), pp.908-936.
Banerjee, R., Reitz, J.G. and Oreopoulos, P., 2018. Do large employers treat racial minorities more fairly? An analysis of Canadian field experiment data. Canadian Public Policy, 44(1), pp.1-12.
Bassok, D., Fitzpatrick, M., Loeb, S. and Paglayan, A.S., 2013. The early childhood care and education workforce in the United States: Understanding changes from 1990 through 2010. Education Finance and Policy, 8(4), pp.581-601.
Bohon, S.A., 2005. Occupational attainment of Latino immigrants in the United States. Geographical Review, 95(2), pp.249-266.
Buder, I. and Jennings, J., 2023. Pandemics, socioeconomic gaps, and macroeconomic policy: The ugly truth highlighted by COVID-19. In Forum for Social Economics (Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 172-185). Routledge.
Jennings, J., Strenio, J. and Buder, I., 2022. Occupational prestige: American stratification. Review of Evolutionary Political Economy, 3(3), pp.575-598.
Elroukh, A.W., 2024. Worker occupational skills and unemployment duration: a competing-risks econometric approach. International Journal of Computational Economics and Econometrics, 14(3), pp.306-336.
Kelly, B.C., Hanson, H.A., Utz, R.L., Hollingshaus, M.S., Meeks, H., Tay, D.L., Ellington, L., Stephens, C.E., Ornstein, K.A. and Smith, K.R., 2024. Disparities and determinants of place of death: insights from the Utah Population Database. Death studies, 48(7), pp.663-675.
Lester, B.R., Rivers, D. and Topa, G., 2021. The heterogeneous impact of referrals on labor market outcomes. FRB of New York Staff Report, (987).
Lester, B., 2024. It’s Not Just Who You Know, It’s How You Know Them. Economic Insights, 9(1), pp.12-17.
Link, B.G., Susser, E.S., Factor-Litvak, P. and Cohn, B.A., 2025. American Dreaming? Evaluating Trait Explanations for Health Inequalities by Race and Socioeconomic Status. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, p.00221465251368347.
Nakhaie, M.R. and Kazemipur, A., 2013. Social capital, employment and occupational status of the new immigrants in Canada. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 14(3), pp.419-437.
Rikard, R.V., Thompson, M.S., McKinney, J. and Beauchamp, A., 2016. Examining health literacy disparities in the United States: a third look at the National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL). BMC public health, 16(1), p.975.
Sahin, N.M., Braga, A.A. and Apel, R., 2024. Procedural fairness, socioeconomic status, and driver perceptions of the police during traffic stops: A test of the invariance thesis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 20(4), pp.1175-1191.
Schacht, R., Tharp, D. and Smith, K.R., 2019. Sex ratios at birth vary with environmental harshness but not maternal condition. Scientific reports, 9(1), p.9066.
Signorello, L.B., Cohen, S.S., Williams, D.R., Munro, H.M., Hargreaves, M.K. and Blot, W.J., 2014. Socioeconomic status, race, and mortality: a prospective cohort study. American journal of public health, 104(12), pp.e98-e107.
Song, X. and Xie, Y., 2025. Occupational percentile rank: a new method for constructing a socioeconomic index of occupational status. Sociological Methods & Research, 54(2), pp.355-396.
Wei, D., 2012. Parental influence on Chinese students’ achievement: a social capital perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 32(2), pp.153-166.
Medicine and Physical Health Research
Anastas, T., Wu, W., Burgess, D.J., Stewart, J.C., Salyers, M.P., Kroenke, K. and Hirsh, A.T., 2024. The impact of patient race, patient socioeconomic status, and cognitive load of physician residents and fellows on chronic pain care decisions. The journal of pain, 25(7), p.104480.
Barclay, K.J. and Smith, K.R., 2020. The effects of birth spacing on health and socioeconomic outcomes across the life course: evidence from the Utah Population Database. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research.
Bittner, J.M., Gilman, S.E., Chen, Z., Perkins, N.J. and Cheon, B.K., 2024. Socioeconomic mobility, metabolic health, and diet: mediation via subjective socioeconomic status. Obesity, 32(11), pp.2035-2044.
Borello-France, D., Burgio, K.L., Goode, P.S., Markland, A.D., Kenton, K., Balasubramanyam, A., Stoddard, A.M. and Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network, 2010. Adherence to behavioral interventions for urge incontinence when combined with drug therapy: adherence rates, barriers, and predictors. Physical therapy, 90(10), pp.1493-1505.
Buder, I., 2020. Social class and obesity: an association between BMI and occupational prestige. World Medical & Health Policy, 12(2), pp.111-122.
Buder, I., Jennings, J., Kim, D.H. and Waitzman, N., 2024. Socioeconomic status & health disparities: Utilizing a composite index across health datasets. In Forum for Social Economics (Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 440-458). Routledge.
Cherkaoui, M., Mall, V., Krüger, M. and Kraus, V., 2026. The effects of pandemic-specific stress on early developmental outcomes in preterm children aged 0–3 years: a cross-sectional study.
Darling-Hammond, S., Gutiérrez, Á., Le, C., Atangana, C.B. and Thomas Tobin, C., 2025. Rooted in identity: racial centrality buffers the effects of chronic stress on suicide outcomes among Black Americans. Ethnicity & Health, 30(8), pp.845-862.
Joshi, A., Quist, A.J., Baird, D.D. and Vines, A.I., 2026. Derivation of three occupational status measures in young Black women: the study of environment, lifestyle, and fibroids. American Journal of Epidemiology, 195(4), pp.1147-1153.
Kannan, V.C., Rasamimanana, G.N., Novack, V., Hassan, L. and Reynolds, T.A., 2019. The impact of socioeconomic status on emergency department outcome in a low-income country setting: A registry-based analysis. Plos One, 14(10), p.e0223045.
Lindberg, M.H., Chen, G., Olsen, J.A. and Abelsen, B., 2022. Combining education and income into a socioeconomic position score for use in studies of health inequalities. BMC public health, 22(1), p.969.
Liu, A., Patel, M.D., Gross, A.L., Mosley, T., Rawlings, A., Schneider, A.L., Kucharska-Newton, A., Sharrett, A.R., Gottesman, R.F. and Koton, S., 2021. Abstract P001: Retirement Age And 20-year Cognitive Decline: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Neurocognitive Study. Circulation, 143(Suppl_1), pp.AP001-AP001.
Sanderson, M., Aldrich, M.C., Levine, R.S., Kilbourne, B., Cai, Q. and Blot, W.J., 2018. Neighbourhood deprivation and lung cancer risk: a nested case–control study in the USA. BMJ open, 8(9), p.e021059.
Scott, S.P., De Souza, M.J., Koehler, K. and Murray-Kolb, L.E., 2017. Combined iron deficiency and low aerobic fitness doubly burden academic performance among women attending university. The Journal of nutrition, 147(1), pp.104-109.
Signorello, L.B., Schlundt, D.G., Cohen, S.S., Steinwandel, M.D., Buchowski, M.S., McLaughlin, J.K., Hargreaves, M.K. and Blot, W.J., 2007. Comparing diabetes prevalence between African Americans and Whites of similar socioeconomic status. American journal of public health, 97(12), pp.2260-2267.
Young, C.F., Shubrook, J.H., Valencerina, E., Wong, S., Henry Lo, S.N. and Dugan, J.A., 2020. Associations between social support and diabetes-related distress in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 120(11), pp.721-731.
Young, C.F., Mullin, R., Moverley, J.A. and Shubrook, J.H., 2022. Associations between diabetes-related distress and predicted cardiovascular complication risks in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 122(6), pp.319-326.
Psychology and Mental Health Research
Brienza, J.P. and Grossmann, I., 2017. Social class and wise reasoning about interpersonal conflicts across regions, persons and situations. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 284(1869).
Demko, Z., Hosch, A., Caskey, J., Longino, G. and Petersen, I.T., 2025. Components of socioeconomic status differentially predict development of cool versus hot executive function in young children. International journal of behavioral development, p.01650254251383697.
Grossmann, I. and Varnum, M.E., 2015. Social structure, infectious diseases, disasters, secularism, and cultural change in America. Psychological science, 26(3), pp.311-324.
Juster, R.P., Moskowitz, D.S., Lavoie, J. and D’Antono, B., 2013. Sex-specific interaction effects of age, occupational status, and workplace stress on psychiatric symptoms and allostatic load among healthy Montreal workers. Stress, 16(6), pp.616-629.
Korous, K.M., Bradley, R.H., Luthar, S.S., Li, L., Levy, R., Cahill, K.M. and Rogers, C.R., 2022. Socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms: An individual-participant data meta-analysis on range restriction and measurement in the United States. Journal of affective disorders, 314, pp.50-58.
Lee, D.O. and Ousley, O.Y., 2006. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in a clinic sample of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 16(6), pp.737-746.
Leppard, T.R. and Manzoni, A., 2025. Bonding ties that get ahead? Family social capital and early occupational attainment. Journal of Youth Studies, pp.1-20.
Liu, A.C., Patel, M.D., Gross, A.L., Mosley, T.H., Schneider, A.L., Kucharska-Newton, A.M., Sharrett, A.R., Gottesman, R.F. and Konto, S., 2024. P38: Associations between occupation, retirement age and 20-year cognitive decline: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. International Psychogeriatrics, 36(S1), pp.143-143.
Matlock, F. and Langlais, M., 2025. Perceived loneliness during COVID-19 and young adult mental well-being: testing socioeconomic status as a moderator. Academia Mental Health and Well-Being, 2(1).
Moody, M.D., Browning, W.R., Hossain, M. and Clay, O.J., 2023. Vicarious experiences of major discrimination, anxiety symptoms, and mental health care utilization among Black Adults. Social Science & Medicine, 316, p.114997.
Moody, M.D., Clay, O.J. and Durant, R.W., 2024. Vicarious discrimination through spouses and mental health among middle-aged Black adults. Journal of African American Studies, 28(3), pp.217-232.
Robinson, M.N., Erving, C.L. and Thomas Tobin, C.S., 2023. Are distressed Black women also depressed? Implications for a mental health paradox. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 10(3), pp.1280-1292.
Sutin, A.R., Costa, P.T., Miech, R. and Eaton, W.W., 2009. Personality and career success: Concurrent and longitudinal relations. European journal of personality, 23(2), pp.71-84.
Sutin, A.R. and Costa Jr, P.T., 2010. Reciprocal influences of personality and job characteristics across middle adulthood. Journal of personality, 78(1), pp.257-288.
Teshima, T., Koto, Y. and Yamakawa, M., 2024. P39: The Effect of Home-Visit Nursing in Preventing Readmission of Patients with Mental Disorders to Psychiatric Hospitals: A Literature Review. International Psychogeriatrics, 36(S1), pp.143-144.
Thomas Tobin, C.S. and Hargrove, T.W., 2022. Race, lifetime SES, and allostatic load among older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 77(2), pp.347-356.
Wanberg, C.R., Csillag, B., Douglass, R.P., Zhou, L. and Pollard, M.S., 2020. Socioeconomic status and well-being during COVID-19: A resource-based examination. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(12), p.1382.
Weeks, M. and Leavitt, P.A., 2017. Using occupational titles to convey an individual’s location in social stratification dimensions. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 39(6), pp.342-357.
Wong, G., Zane, N., Saw, A. and Chan, A.K.K., 2013. Examining gender differences for gambling engagement and gambling problems among emerging adults. Journal of gambling studies, 29(2), pp.171-189.
Yin, D., 2016. Have Chinese Americans Achieved Earnings Parity with Whites? (Doctoral dissertation).