Research Spotlights

Research Spotlight: “Militarized State-building Interventions and the Survival of Fragile States”

Kelly Matush, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Science, co-authored her thesis “Militarized State-building Interventions and the Survival of Fragile States” alongside David A. Lake, Ph.D., Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego, which explores the variation in the stability of nations which experience militarized state-building interventions.

Research Spotlight: Ridership dynamics and characteristics of potential riders of a transit system: The SunRail of Central Florida

Mark Horner, Ph.D., Professor of Geography; Michael Duncan, Ph.D.; Professor of Urban and Regional Planning; and Dennis J. Smith, Planner-in-Residence for Urban and Regional Planning, co-authored the article “Ridership Dynamics and Characteristics of Potential Riders of a Transit System: The SunRail of Central Florida” in the journal Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives.

Research Spotlight: To Court Without the Corps? The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Florida v. Georgia  

In “To Court Without the Corps? The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Florida v. Georgia,” Tyler McCreary, Ph.D., and Frank Schmitz, Ph.D., examine the role of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in a recent Supreme Court case about water allocation in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) river basin. 

The authors review the arguments and findings from the US Supreme Court decision “Florida v. Georgia.” This judicial case began with allegations of ecological damage due to upstream water overconsumption in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) river basin. However, the case ultimately revolved around the technical practices and regulation manuals of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, who operates the system of federal dams that impacts the flow of the Chattahoochee and Apalachicola rivers. Dr. McCreary and Dr. Schmitz examine the evidence and arguments presented in the Florida v. Georgia case and argue that the ecological disturbances and damages occurred in the Apalachicola watershed cannot be understood nor remedied without considering the history and management practices of the Corps in the ACF basin. 

The authors’ analysis of the Florida v. Georgia case highlights the importance to water governance of the policies, technical practices, and production of knowledge by engineers and other experts. More generally, the authors’ article suggest that Florida v. Georgia is a more general invitation for geographers to develop political ecologies that critically engage with the practices of engineers and experts in other transboundary river basins.

Research Spotlight: Learning through Collaborative Data Projects: Engaging Students and Building Rapport  

In “Learning through Collaborative Data Projects: Engaging Students and Building Rapport,” Matthew Pietryka, Ph.D., and Rebecca A. Glazier, Ph.D. propose a series of collaborative assignments to engage students and foster rapport between the students and the instructor, even in large classes.  

The authors’ article describes and evaluates the effectiveness of a series of collaborative assignments that help instructors to both engage students and build rapport with them. Using student feedback in four different college courses, the authors show that students reported that they learned more and found the assignments more enjoyable compared to a typical college assignment. Also, students reported that receiving individualized feedback about their contributions made them more interested in the material and made them feel like the instructor was more invested in their learning. These survey results indicate that the assignments succeeded at both engaging students and at building rapport. 

While most instructors are interested in better engaging their students in order to help them learn, engaging students can be difficult. Moreover, following recommendations for how to engage students is often a resource-intensive task for instructors. The collaborative data projects proposed by the authors provide instructors with a resource-effective way to engage students while also building rapport even in large, online classes.

Research Spotlight: The Interrelated Impacts of Credit Access, Market Access and Forest Proximity on Livelihood Strategies in Cambodia 

How does access to financial credit and markets, as well as proximity to forests, influence households’ livelihood strategies in the developing world? Several studies have noted the positive effects of market access, access to financial credit, and forest proximity on income, off-farm employment, and alleviation of poverty. However, scholars have studied as if these factors were independent from each other, which is unlikely in reality. For example, forests tend far away from markets, which are associated with access to financial credits. In turn, access to financial credit can improve forest use technology. Indeed, examining the interrelated impacts of access to markets, financial credit, and forests has important implications for policy and development practice, such as poverty reduction, infrastructure development, financial credit provision, natural resource conservation, and promotion of household and community resilience—especially for highly forest-dependent rural populations in the developing world. 

John Felkner, Ph.D., and his co-authors examine the interrelated dynamics of market access, financial credit use and formal credit density, and forest access on livelihood income size and composition in Cambodia. The authors conducted a survey of 2,417 households in 64 villages in four provinces in Cambodia in 2005 and 2006. These provinces present a high diversity of economic activities and socio-economic conditions, as well as variation in accessibility to both forests and urban markets. The survey collected information on household demographics (including income), proximity to forests, market access, and financial credit use and access. The authors then use descriptive and statistical analysis to examine the relationship between these factors. Moreover, further statistical techniques examine which of the main effects (financial use/credit, market access, or forest access) has the greatest impact on livelihoods. 

The analyses show that financial credit use and market access are generally associated with increased income in several categories (except crop income). The authors also find that travel time to large cities is associated with increased off-farm income, but on-farm and crop incomes where market distance is larger. Also, access to forests contributes to income benefits.  

Research Spotlight: Neighborhood Land Uses as Predictors of the Upward Mobility of Poor Youth 

In “Neighborhood Land Uses as Predictors of the Upward Mobility of Poor Youth,” Keith Ihlanfeldt, Ph.D., examines whether the land uses within the neighborhoods where poor youth grow up helps to predict their welfare as adults. To do so, Dr. Ihlanfeldt explores the characteristics of neighborhoods that provide upward mobility. 

Dr. Ihlanfeldt finds that land uses within the neighborhood where youth grew up are important predictors of individuals’ household income as adults, as well as teenage births rates. For example, among those poor individuals who grew up in neighborhoods with larger number of multifamily apartments, single-family rental homes, or mobile homes, their household income as adults is smaller. Also, a larger number of alcohol-serving establishments tend to decrease the adult household incomes of poor youth. The results are similar for predicting teenage birth rates. Among poor female youth, growing up in neighborhoods with more multifamily housing, single-family rentals, mobile homes, and alcoholic establishments increases the likelihood of having children as teenagers. 

The research by Dr. Ihlanfeldt identifies neighborhoods that provide upward mobility. Importantly, this study can help tailor policies to either make the home neighborhoods of disadvantaged youth more like these neighborhoods or enable the guardians of these children to move into these places.

Research Spotlight: How Communities Benefit from Collaborative Governance

Research on collaborative governance (CG) highlights that power imbalances between communities and other participants can undermine the benefits of collaboration for some communities. Thus, mitigating power imbalances can improve community benefits from collaboration in many ways.

In this article, Eric Coleman, Ph.D., Bill Schultz, Ph.D., and co-authors study an attempt to mitigate power imbalances by examining community benefits that result from interactions with different civic, private, and public decision-makers in Uganda. The results indicate that encouraging the equitable participation of communities improves collaboration with other actors. 

Furthermore, the evidence presented by Dr. Coleman et. al. suggests that interventions mindful of community needs can improve CG and shows how such communities can be most effectively targeted. 

Research Spotlight: When Do Private Actors Engage in Censorship? Evidence From a Correspondence Experiment with Russian Private Media Firms

In “When Do Private Actors Engage in Censorship? Evidence From a Correspondence Experiment with Russian Private Media Firms,” Quintin Beazer, Ph.D., Holger Kern, Ph.D., and co-authors investigate the censorship behavior of private media firms.

The article, published in the British Journal of Political Science, was co-authored alongside Charles Crabtree, Ph.D., of Dartmouth College, and Christopher J. Farris, Ph.D., of the University of Michigan. 

Using a correspondence experiment with Russian private media firms, the authors find that Russian private media firms censor advertisements with calls for political collective action or anti-regime messages. Furthermore, they find that these media firms also censor advertisements containing calls for non-political collective action.